SAFETY OF STAFF AND PATIENTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most important diagnostic methods in modern medicine due to its superior visualization of soft tissues and the absence of ionizing radiation. MRI technology is based on the action of a strong static magnetic field, radiofrequency pulses, and gradient fields, enabling high-quality imaging while simultaneously presenting significant safety risks.

The aim of this paper was to present the basic physical principles of MRI, compare MRI and CT through their advantages and disadvantages, and provide a detailed analysis of safety procedures, risks, and protective measures for patients and healthcare staff. The paper describes the main hazards associated with MRI examinations, including the projectile effect, tissue heating, burns, noise exposure, claustrophobia, risks related to implants, and the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents. Special attention is given to implant safety and differences in risks between 1.5 T, 3 T, and 7 T systems. MRI safety zones, the importance of detailed patient screening, access control to the MRI suite, and the use of MRI-compatible equipment are also analyzed.

The findings indicate that most MRI- related incidents result from human error, inadequate screening, or insufficient staff education. The greatest risks are associated with ferromagnetic objects, unverified implants, and failure to follow safety protocols. As magnetic field strength increases, the risks of projectile accidents, tissue heating, peripheral nerve stimulation, and hearing damage also increase.

Conclusion. MRI is an extremely valuable but potentially hazardous diagnostic method if safety protocols are not consistently implemented. Continuous staff education, strict adherence to safety procedures, and proper patient assessment are essential prerequisites for safe work in the MRI environment.